Association between Family History and Hypertension among the Patients in Nairobi: A Case Study of Mbagathi Hospital
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t3034Abstract
Hypertension is an important public health issue globally. With the global prevalence of hypertension being 40%, Africa ranks the highest with a prevalence of 46%. The high burden in developing countries is attributable to the high levels of risk factors. In Kenya, 20-30% of adults had hypertension in 2013. However, there is little information on the prevalence of hypertension and its association with family history as its risk factor among adult patients seeking medical care in Nairobi. The primary goal of this study was to determine the association between family history and hypertension among adult patients at Mbagathi Hospital. Fisher’s formula was used to determine the sample size which was composed of 384 respondents while systematic random sampling was used to select the study participants. The study adopted a cross-sectional, descriptive study design. Data collection included the use of a questionnaire that included both open and closed-ended questions given to each participant with each being allowed to exercise informed consent before responding to questions. Descriptive statistics mainly means and percentages were used to analyze data. Inferences were made using the chi-square statistic. Statistical significance was set at P <05. Patients with hypertensive parents had a high prevalence of hypertension (42.2%). A significant connection between family history and hypertension (p=0.017) was discovered using a statistical chi-square test while 69.9% of the participants had a family member who had hypertension. Family history was an associated risk factor for hypertension; respondents who had a family member with hypertension and mostly those with a hypertensive mother were more likely to be hypertensive.
Keywords: Hypertension, Family history, Patients, Mbagathi Hospital
References
Asresahegn, H., Tadesse, F., & Beyene, E. (2017). Prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among adults in Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study. BMC Research Notes, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-017-2966-1.
Associate Professor Department of General Medicine Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences, Kulasekharam, Tamilnadu India, & Unnikrishnan, D. B. (2017a). Prevalence of Hypertension among Adults Attending a Tertiary Care Centre. Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Research, 05(05), 21587–21591. https://doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i5.57.
CDC. (2013). Minority Health: Preventing High Blood Pressure. CDC.
CDC. (2014). About High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) | cdc.gov. http://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/about.htm.
Deb, D. (2008). A Study on Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases in an Urban Health Center of Kolkata. 4, 271–275. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.43239
Department of non-communicable diseases (2014). Non-communicable diseases [Personal communication].
Egan, B. M., Lackland, D. T., & Cutler, N. E. (2003). Awareness, Knowledge, and Attitudes of Older Americans About High Blood Pressure: Implications for Health Care Policy, Education, and Research. Archives of Internal Medicine, 163(6), 681–687. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.6.681.
Giday, A., & Tadesse, B. (2011). Prevalence and determinants of hypertension in rural and urban areas of southern Ethiopia. Ethiopian Medical Journal, 49(2), 139–147.
Hendriks, M. E., Wit, F. W. N. M., Roos, M. T. L., Brewster, L. M., Akande, T. M., Beer, I. H. de, Mfinanga, S. G., Kahwa, A. M., Gatongi, P., Rooy, G. V., Janssens, W., Lammers, J., Kramer, B., Bonfrer, I., Gaeb, E., Gaag, J. van der, Wit, T. F. R. de, Lange, J. M. A., & Schultsz, C. (2012). Hypertension in Sub-Saharan Africa: Cross-Sectional Surveys in Four Rural and Urban Communities. PLOS ONE, 7(3), e32638. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032638.
Joshi, M. D., Ayah, R., Njau, E. K., Wanjiru, R., Kayima, J. K., Njeru, E. K., & Mutai, K. K. (2014). Prevalence of hypertension and associated cardiovascular risk factors in an urban slum in Nairobi, Kenya: A population-based survey. BMC Public Health, 14, 1177. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1177.
Lau, E., Kaczorowski, J., Karwalajtys, T., Dolovich, L., Levine, M., & Chambers, L. (2006). Blood Pressure Awareness and Self-Monitoring Practices among Primary Care Elderly Patients. Canadian Pharmacists Journal / Revue Des Pharmaciens Du Canada, 139(6), 34–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/171516350613900607.
Logaraj, M., Hegde, S. K., John, K., & Balaji, R. (2014). A study on risk factors for lifestyle diseases among patients attending a fixed-mobile clinic in a rural block in Tamil Nadu. International Journal of Health & Allied Sciences, 3(3), 199. https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-344X.138608.
Mahmood, S. E. (2013). Prevalence of Hypertension Amongst Adult Patients Attending Out Patient Department of Urban Health Training Centre, Department of Community Medicine, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow. Journal Of Clinical And Diagnostic Research. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2013/4707.2874.
Marwiro, A. (2012). Prevalence and risk factors for hypertension among Bulawayo City Council employees, 2010.
Méndez-Chacón, E., Santamaría-Ulloa, C., & Rosero-Bixby, L. (2008). Factors associated with hypertension prevalence, unawareness, and treatment among Costa Rican elderly. BMC Public Health, 8(1), 275. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-8-275
Monfared, A. B., Hatami, H., & Isabeiglou, H. (2016). Prevalence and associated factors of overweight and obesity in reproductive-aged women in Rasht. J Health Field, 4, 39-46.
Rabha, K., & Mundra, A. (2017). Prevalence of hypertension among patients attending dental outpatient department.pdf.
Ranasinghe, P., Cooray, D. N., Jayawardena, R., & Katulanda, P. (2015a). The influence of the family history of Hypertension on disease prevalence and associated metabolic risk factors among Sri Lankan adults. BMC Public Health, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1927-7.
Ranasinghe, P., Cooray, D. N., Jayawardena, R., & Katulanda, P. (2015b). The influence of the family history of Hypertension on disease prevalence and associated metabolic risk factors among Sri Lankan adults. BMC Public Health, 15(1), 576. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1927-7.
Saraswati, B. (2014). Factors associated with hypertension among patients in Pokhara (1).pdf. 3(11), 2347–4289.
Shafi, S. T., & Shafi, T. (2017). A survey of hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in health screening camps of rural central Punjab, Pakistan. Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, 7(2), 135–140.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jegh.2017.01.001.
Singh, A. K. (2014). Prevalence of Hypertension and its epidemiological correlates–A cross-sectional study among patients attending outpatient department of urban health center Srinagar Garhwal. National Journal of Research in Community Medicine, 3(4), 343–350.
Stuart, A., & Francesc, X. (2017). Hypertension is the silent killer disease spreading across an Africa that isn’t ready. https://qz.com/1036880/hypertension-and-other-cardiovascular-diseases-are-killing-millions-in-africa-every-year/.
Tozawa, M., Oshiro, S., Iseki, C., Sesoko, S., Higashiuesato, Y., Tana, T., Ikemiya, Y., Iseki, K., & Fukiyama, K. (2001). Family History of Hypertension and Blood Pressure in a Screened Cohort. Hypertension Research, 24(2), 93–98. https://doi.org/10.1291/hypres.24.93.
Vijver. (2014). Status report on hypertension in Africa—Consultative review for the 6th Session of the African Union Conference of Ministers of Health on NCD’s.
WHO. (2013). Global_brief_hypertension.pdf.
http://www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/publications/global_brief_hypertension/en/.
WHO. (2014). Blood Pressure. Global Health Observatory (GHO).
WHO. (2016). Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). http://www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/en/.
Winnicki, M., Somers, V. K., Dorigatti, F., Longo, D., Santonastaso, M., Mos, L., Mattarei, M., Pessina, A. C., Palatini, P., & Group, on behalf of the H. S. (2006). Lifestyle, family history, and progression of hypertension. Journal of Hypertension, 24(8), 1479–1487. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.hjh.0000239281.27938.d4.
